For effective communication to occur, there are three things to take into consideration – the sender, the receiver and the message. The sender formulates the message and “encodes” it in a way that the receiver should understand. However, along the way there may be “noise” which may distort the message during transmission. The result may be that the receiver does not receive the message as intended. When this happens, there can be confusion and other unintended consequences – effective communication has not taken place.